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A peculiar witch dashes into the outlook.

Horse breeding refers to the human directed process of selective breeding of horses, particularly purebred horses of a certain breed. Wild horses obviously have no problem breeding without the help of humans, but an advantage to the human directed process is that it can be used to produce specifically desired characteristics in domesticated horses. Also, all the technology we have today can increase the odds of conception,  a healthy pregnancy and successful foaling.  The female horse is referred to as a “dam” while the male parent, or stallion, is known as the “sire.” Their offspring is called a “foal” though many people think baby horses are called “colts.” This isn’t true as a “colt” refers to a young male horse, while a young female horse is called a “filly.” Many horse owners will just breed their family mare to a local stallion to produce a companion horse, but those who are serious about horse breeding use selective breeding to produce offspring of a certain breed. Using individual horses of different phenotypes, a breeder could create a new breed with specific characteristics. In horse breeding, half brothers and sisters only describes horses that have the same dam, but a different sire. Horses with the same sire are said to be “by the same sire” and have no sibling relationship, while horses with the same dam and sire are full siblings.

Thoroughbred racing is a worldwide sport involving the racing of thoroughbred horses and is governed by different national bodies. There are two different types of thoroughbred racing; flat racing and jump racing. Jump racing can be further divided into hurdling and steeplechasing. Flat racing is a type of thoroughbred racing that is run over a level track at a pre-determined distance. It is a test of stamina, speed and skill of the jockey. Racing takes place on a natural grass surface or a dirt or all weather surface. Hurdling is a form of jump racing where the horses run over obstacles called hurdles that are over three and a half feet high, and are typically made of relatively thin pieces of wood that have some give in them. Hurdle races always have a minimum of eight hurdles and a minimum distance of two miles (or three kilometers). Steeplechasing is the second form of jump racing, which refers to a distant horse race with diverse fence and ditch obstacles. Steeplechasing got its name from early races in which orientation of the course was by reference to a church steeple, jumping fences and ditches and generally traversing the many intervening obstacles in the country side.